Further to that bit on Greenland I also spotted this.
"Greenland retains some ties with the EU via Denmark. However, EU law largely does not apply to Greenland except in the area of trade."
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Between 1973 and 1985, Greenland was part of the EU. Following a referendum held in 1982, it withdrew from the EU and is now associated to the EU under the Overseas Association Decision.
The public sector – enterprises and municipalities – plays a major role in Greenland's economy as does the fisheries sector.
Greenland is eligible for funding from the EU’s general budget through the EU-Greenland Partnership. For the period 2014-2020, an overall amount of €217.8 million is foreseen for the cooperation with Greenland. The
Programming Document defining the cooperation priorities for this period was signed on 28th October 2014. The education, vocational training and post-elementary school system have been chosen as the concentration sector for the cooperation between Union and Greenland for the period 2014-2020.
In addition, the President of the Commission (on behalf of the EU), the Prime Minister of Denmark and the Greenland Premier signed on 19th March 2015 'an umbrella' framework document for the post-2013 EU-Greenland relations, a “
Joint Declaration on relations between the European Union, on the one hand, and the Government of Greenland and the Government of Denmark, on the other”. By this legally and financially non-binding document, the EU confirms its long lasting links between with Greenland and reiterates the geostrategic importance of Greenland for the EU.
"Greenland is one of the 25 Overseas Countries and Territories (OCTs) associated with the European Union. Greenland is a self-governing country within the Kingdom of Denmark. The Act of Greenland Self-Government determines the constitutional status of Greenland. Greenland was part of the European Community between 1973 and 1985. Following withdrawal in 1985 (after a referendum in 1982), a Treaty ensured Greenland’s association with the European Union as an OCT."
Further to that
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OCT - EU relations in detail
Specific characteristics of the OCTs
There are significant differences between the OCTs themselves in terms of the degree of autonomy vis-à-vis the Member States to which they are linked, their economic and social development as well as their particular geography and climate. However, they do share common characteristics: none of them is a sovereign country, they are all parliamentary democracies, they are all islands, the size of their populations is very small and their ecological richness is extraordinary compared to continental Europe.
Their location, as well as their natural wealth, grants them significant advantages as does their role as European outposts in their respective regions. At the same time, they are all vulnerable to external shocks and are in general dependent on a narrow economic base that mostly revolves around services. In this light, the objective of the partnership with the EU consists in enhancing the OCTs’ competitiveness, strengthening their resilience, reducing their economic and environmental vulnerability and promoting cooperation between them and other partners. Specific arrangements are therefore established regarding trade and trade-related cooperation, while financial cooperation is foreseen in order to assist OCTs in their sustainable development.
Legal framework
Under Part IV of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (Articles 198 to 204), "the Member States agree to associate with the Union the non-European countries and territories which have special relations with Denmark, France, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom" (Article 198)
So it would appear that Greenland isn't entirely free of the EU but a client and subject to it's laws regarding trade.