Derailleurs don't lose much power through friction, hub gears and the Nuvinci do.
In the case of the Nuvinci, progress in reducing friction loss depends on oil chemistry.
At the contact point, you have two oil surfaces coming into near contact, one surface is the ball and the other the input (or output) disc. The two surfaces are still separated by a little oil. This oil gap is pulled apart by the two sides, cavitation forces line up oil molecules in the gap, thus the oil behaves like a solid rod connecting ball and disc (a solid is no more than molecules that got lined up and can't move out of position). This 'rod' changes immediately back into liquid form a millimeter or so away from the contact point. When a liquid solidifies, it releases heat, widh radiates into the surrounding. This heat loss explains why friction loss of CVT is higher than mechanical (eg Shimano) hub gears.
This loss is only incurred when you ride on the flat or going uphill. Going downhill uses the freewheel.
NuVinci Continuously Variable Transmission - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
http://www.fallbrooktech.com/sites/default/files/videos/N360_Datasheet_English_Web.pdf
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