Probably sport is the determinant, Presta were created for the sport types who try to save every gramme in weight.So, why are there two types of valve and what determins which of them is fitted to any specific bike?
Originally though the Woods/Dunlop valve was always on bikes, originally with a rubber sleeve over an insert with a hole making a crude valve. Later versions have a ball valve in place of the rubber sleeve and these valves are very popular on the Continent still, goodness knows why. Kalkhoff bikes always came with them originally and may still do.
But the universality of Schrader worldwide brought those to the fore, since they were so much better than the Woods/Dunlop in most opinions.
And Presta were a weight saver for racing etc., and may also have an advantage for the very high over 100 lbs pressures in the tiny section tyres of race bikes.