How come they work on electric scooters then? Or don't those go uphill either.
Scooters have smaller wheels, so the motor is effectively geared down.
Efficiency is one of the main characteristics that affects hill-climbing. A motor has a maximum rpm that depends on how it's wound and what voltage you give it. At 75% of the motor's max rpm, it'll have an efficiency of about 75%. At 50% of max rpm, that drops to about 60% to 65%. Below that, the efficiency accelerates downwards to something like 30% at 25% of max rpm.
Let's say that you have a 25 amp controller and a 48v battery, so you can get a max power from the battery of 1200w. Let's also say that your motor can spin to 40 mph. At 10 mph, it would produce 30% x 1200w = 400w.
If you put a cheap wattmeter between the battery and the controller, you can see how much power is going into the controller all the time, which is very interesting, but you need to know tyour speed and tge motor's efficiency curve to determine how much output power you're getting.
If you have a look at
www.ebikes.ca/simulator, you can enter detaols about your system and see how it should behave in different circumstances.