It can be done. But here are some considerations that immediately come to mind...
Are you planning to ditch the rear Brompton hub and replace it with a 36h hub? Otherwise, lacing a 28h hub into a 36h rim seems a lot more trouble than it is worth.
Also, the 355 tyres that you will have to buy will have to be something like the narrower Schwalbe Kojak so that the overall tyre diameter will be no larger than the original 349 with Brompton or Marathon tyres. Otherwise mudguard clearance as well as the fold will be a problem.
The brake calipers look like they will allow the brake pads to move out radially a few millimeters to match the 3mm increase in rim radius going from a 349 to a 355. So that shouldn't be a problem.